No. If you want to have tangent constraint to work for `inner circle` you need to have `clean` surface. The problem is in those tangent connection. I assume that this is a circle, so to do quickly, I have just delete those extra faces.
Your `inner circle` is made of 4 arc. No matter they are tangent, 3D constraint will not work. It should but...... On a Part level, Position constraint will not see those line as smoothly connected. THIS PROBABLY SHOULD BE ADDRESSED AS BUG
So if you need to have some tangent lines try to draw them by Bspline.... use your existing arcs outline as construction line help....